Vitamin D and Reduced Academic Stress of Health Students

Yuni Kusmiyati; Emy Suryani; Lucky Herawati; Amalia Firdausi

doi:10.21109/kesmas.v15i3.3274

Vitamin D and Reduced Academic Stress of Health Students

Yuni Kusmiyati, Emy Suryani, Lucky Herawati, Amalia Firdausi

Abstract

Stress conditions can reduce academic ability, influencing student grade point averages and encouraging negative behaviors. The object of this research was to discern the influence of vitamin D in the reduction of academic stress of health students. The study used a randomized controlled trial (RCT). The population was midwifery students who lived in the Health Polytechnic dormitory, Ministry of Health, Yogyakarta, in 2017. Samples were 77 students of midwifery who did not suffer from any chronic disease, nor did they experience academic stress. They all agreed to become research subjects. Samples were 39 respondents in a treatment group who were administered 1 tablet of 400 mg of vitamin D supplement daily, for 30 days. A control group was given a placebo. Academic stress was assessed by means of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale 42 (DASS 42). Data were analyzed by using linear regression. The results showed that daily vitamin D supplement reduced academic stress (p-value 0.000 < 0.05). One dose of 400 international units (IU) of vitamin D daily for 30 days could reduce academic stress by 11.28 points. To reduce academic stress, students should consume vitamin D and expose their skin to sun rays with ultraviolet.

Keywords

academic stress, sunrays exposure, vitamin D

Full Text:

PDF

References

1. Reddy KJ, Menon KR, Thattil A. Academic stress and its source among university students. Biomedical & Pharmacology Journal. 2018; 11(1): 531-37. Available from: http://biomedpharmajournal.org/?p=19485.

2. Saqib M. Impact of stress on students academic performance at secondary school level at district Vehari. International Journal of Learning and Development.2018, 8(1): 84-93. Available from: http://www.macrothink.org/journal/index.php/ijld/article/view/12063/0.

3. Bataineh, MZ. Academic stress among undergraduate student: The case of education faculty at King Saud University. International Interdisciplinary Journal of Education. 2013; 2 (1): 82-8. Available from: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Academic-Stress-among-Undergraduate-Students-%3A-The Bataineh/889d6569ab0ffb180b9 e 1 d 4 48756c2dc932c3dce.

4. Goff AM. Stressor, academic performance and learned resourcefullness in baccalaureate nursing students. International Journal of Nursing Education Scholarship.2011; 8:1-135 Available from:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21291410.

5. Lecic-Tosevski D, Vukovic O, Stepanovic J. Stress and personality. Psychiatriki. 2011; 22(4): 290-7.Available from:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22271841.

6. Purwati S.Tingkat stress akademik pada mahasiswa regular angkatan tahun 2010. [Skripsi]. Depok: Fakultas Ilmu Keperawatan Universitas Indonesia; 2012.

7. Ruhmadi E, Suwartika I, Nurdin A. Analisis faktor yang berhubungan dengan tingkat stress akademik mahasiswa regular prodi DIII Keperawatan Cirebon Poltekkes Kemenkes Tasikmalaya. The Soedirman Journal of Nursing. 2014; 9 (3): 173-6. Available from:jks.fikes.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/jks/article/view/612.

8. Ekpenyong CE, Daniel YE, Aribo EO. Associations between academic stressors, reaction to stress, coping strategies and musculoskeletal disorders among college students. Ethiophian Journal Health Science. 2013; 23(2): 98-112. Available from:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23950626.

9. Backovic DV, Zivojinovic, JI, Maksimovic J & Maksimovic, M. Gender differences in academic stress and burnout among medical students in final years old education. Psychiatria Danubina. 2012; 24(2): 175-81.Available from:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22706416.

10. Kusmiyati Y,Nurfitria CT, Suherni, Wahyuningsih HP. Extrovert personality type and prolonged second stage of labor. Kesmas Nasional Publich Health Journal.2017;11(4): 173-177.Available from: journal.fkm.ui.ac.id/kesmas/article/view/ 1206.

11. Wimalawansa SJ. Vitamin D deficiency: effects on oxidative stress, epigenetics, gene regulation, and aging. Biology. 2019; 8(30): 1-15. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31083546.

12. Black LJ, Jacoby P, Allen KL, Trapp GS, Hart PH, Byrne SM, Mori TA, Beilin LJ, Oddy WH. Low vitamin D levels are associated with symptoms of depression in young adult males. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2014; 48: 464-471.Available from:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24226892.

13. Bicikova M, Duskova M, Vitku J, Kalvachova B, Ripova D, Mohr P, Stark S. Vitamin D in anxiety and affective disorders. Physiol Res. 2015;64 (2): 101-3. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26680471.

14. Edwards MH, Cole ZA, Harvey NC,Cooper C. The global of epidemiology of vitamin D status. University of Southampton. 2012. Available from: www.jarlife.net/703-the-global-epidemiology-of-vitamin-d-status.html.

15. Ernawati F and Budiman B. Status vitamin D terkini anak Indonesia usia 2,0-12,9 tahun. Gizi Indonesia. 2015; 38(1): 73-80. Available from: https://www.persagi.org/ejournal/index.php/Gizi_Indon/article/view/169.

16. Nair R and Maseeh A. Vitamin D: The “sunshine” vitamin. J Pharmacol Pharmacother. 2012;3(2): 118-26. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/ pmc/ articles/ PMC3356951/.

17. Kementerian Kesehatan [homepage on the Internet]. Pusat Data dan Informasi Kemenkes Jakarta: Data dan kondisi penyakit osteoporsis di Indonesia. [updated 2015 October 25; cited 2018 January 17]. Available from: http://www.pusdatin. kemkes.go.id/article/view/16010400003/data-dan-kondisi-penyakit-osteoporosis-di-indonesia.html.

18. Abdi F, Ozgoli G, and Rahnemaie FS. A systematic review of the role of vitamin D and calcium in premenstrual syndrome. 2019; 62(2): 73-86. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30918875.

19. Johnson ERB. Vitamin D and the occurrence of depression: Causal association or circumstantial evidence? 2009; 67(8): 481-92. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19674344.

20. Spedding S. Vitamin D and Depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis comparing studies with and without biological flaws. 2014. Nutrients;6(4): 1501-18. Available from:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4011048/.

21. Bikle DD. Vitamin D metabolism, mechanism of action, and clinical applications. Chem Biol. 2014; 21(3): 319–329. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3968073/.

22. Aydin EP, Varkal MD, Toker O G, Ozer OA, Karamustafalioglu OK. Vitamin D deficiency in depressive, anxiety and adjustment disorder. Bulletin of Clinical Psychopharmacology.2015;25(1): 41-3.Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/pmc/articles/PMC3968073/.

23. Yosephin B, Khomsan A, Briawan D, Rimbawan. Peranan ultraviolet B sinar matahari terhadap status vitamin D dan tekanan darah pada wanita usia subur. Kesmas, Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional. 2014;8(6): 256-60. Available from: journal.fkm.ui.ac.id/index.php/kesmas/article/view/377.

24. World Health Organization. Sun protection. WHO. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/sun-protection.

25. Skelly AC, Dettori JR, and Brodt ED. Assessing bias: the importance of considering confounding.Evid Based Spine Care J. 2012; 3(1): 9-12. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23236300

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21109/kesmas.v15i3.3274