Model Prediksi Berat Lahir Bayi Berdasarkan Berat Badan Ibu Hamil

Maulia Sari, Trini Sudiarti

Abstract


Berat lahir bayi kurang dari 3.000 gram berisiko untuk terjadinya penyakit jantung dan stroke serta kematian yang tiga belas persen lebih tinggi daripada berat lahir lebih dari 3000 gram. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mendapatkan model prediksi berat lahir dan mengetahui faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap berat lahir bayi. Desain penelitian menggunakan cohort retrospektif. Sampel melibatkan 233 ibu hamil beserta bayi yang melakukan pemeriksaan antenatal care dan melahirkan di Rumah Sakit Citra Medika dan bidan bersalin Hj. Sumartini dari bulan Januari 2010 sampai Desember 2011 di Rantauprapat. Data dikumpulkan dari data rekam medis dan kelahiran pasien. Analisis korelasi dan regresi linier ganda digunakan untuk mengetahui kekuatan dan arah hubungan antara variabel independen dengan berat lahir. Hasil penelitian menemukan rata-rata berat lahir 3.337,8 ± 353,7 gram (95% CI= 3.292 – 3.383). Berat badan (BB) sebelum hamil, pertambahan berat badan ibu trimester pertama, kedua, dan ketiga mempunyai kekuatan hubungan yang sedang dan berpola positif. Model prediksi menunjukkan bahwa berat lahir = 1.764,133 + 0,023 (BB pra hamil) + 0,131 (pertambahan berat badan trimester 1) + 0,037 (per- tambahan berat badan trimester 2) + 0,037 (pertambahan berat badan trimester 3). Variabel yang paling berpengaruh adalah pertambahan berat badan trimester pertama.Birth weight less 3,000 gram have more risk to cause heart and stroke disease, 13% higher than birth weight < 3,000 gram. This study described about the correlation between prepregnancy weight, first trimester weight gain, second trimester weight gain, third trimester weight gain with birth weight. This study aimed to predict birth weight and find out the factors that most influence on birth weight. This study used a retrospective cohort design. Samples were 233 pregnant women and infants who perform antenatal care and deliver in Citra Medika Hospital and midwife maternity from January 2010 to December 2011. The data were collected through patient medical record and birth data. Correlation analysis and multiple linear regression were used to determine the strength and the relationship direction between independent variables and birth weight. The results revealed the averages of birth weight in the hospital and maternity midwife are 3,337.8 ± 353.72 grams (95% CI: 3,292 – 3,383). Prepregnancy weight, maternal weight gain in first, second, and third semester have a moderate power relationship and positive pattern. The prediction model of birth weight = 1,764.133 + 0.023 (pre-pregnancy weight) + 0.131 (first semester weight gain) + 0.037 (second semester weight gain) + 0.037 (third semester weight gain). The most variable effect is a first semester weight gain.

Keywords


berat badan sebelum hamil; berat lahir; pertambahan berat badan trimester; prepregnancy weight; birth weight; trimester weight gain

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21109/kesmas.v7i8.18

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