Pengetahuan Gizi dan Kadar Hemoglobin Anak Sekolah Dasar Penderita Anemia setelah Mendapatkan Suplementasi Besi dan Pendidikan Gizi

Abstract

Anemia merupakan masalah kesehatan utama yang diderita 26,5% anak usia sekolah dan remaja di Indonesia. Dengan pendidikan gizi pada anak anemia di Sekolah Dasar diharapkan terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan gizi dan pola makan sehingga akan meningkatkan asupan besi dan kadar hemoglobin. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari efek suplementasi besi dan pendidikan gizi terhadap pengetahuan gizi dan kadar hemoglobin anak SD yang anemia. Desain penelitian ini Quasy experiment with pretest postest control group. Penelitian dilakukan pada 107 sampel yang dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan One Way Anova dan Kruskal Wallis Test untuk uji beda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kadar hemoglobin dan pengetahuan gizi pada ketiga kelompok mengalami peningkatan.Peningkatan kadar hemoglobin terbesar pada kelompok suplementasi besi, vitamin C dan pendidikan gizi (2,89 poin), sedangkan peningkatan pengetahuan gizi terbesar pada kelompok suplementasi vitamin C dan pendidikan gizi (17,44 poin). Ada perbedaan bermakna perubahan pengetahuan gizi dan kadar hemoglobin anak SD yang anemia sebelumdan sesudah intervensi pada ketiga kelompok intervensi. Disimpulkan Pendidikan gizi dipadukan dengan pemberian suplementasi besi dan vitamin C pada anak anemia akan memberikan hasil kenaikan kadar hemoglobin yang paling signifikan daripada pendidikan gizi atau suplementasi saja.Kata kunci: Suplementasi besi, pendidikan gizi, kadar hemoglobin, anak SD.AbstractAnemia is the major health problem for 26,5 % of the school children and teenagers in Indonesia. It is expected that by giving nutrition education to the anemic school age children, their nutritional knowledge and their diet pattern improve. Their better food intake especially higher iron intake willthen increase their hemoglobin levels. The study was conducted to investigate the effect of iron supplementation and nutrition education on hemoglobin levels of the anemic school age children. This study was a quasy experimentalresearch with a pretest post test control group design. The research was conducted on 107 subjects who were divided into three groups. Result shows level of hemoglobin and the nutrition knowledge of the three groups were all increased. The group who received iron, vitamin C and nutritioneducation had the highest increase in their hemoglobin level (2.89 point). The group who received vitamin C and nutrition education had the highest improvement in the score of nutrition knowlegde (17.4 point). All of the groups had significantly higher hemoglobin level after the intervention.The combination of nutrition education with iron and vitamin C supplementation improved the hemoglobin levels of the anemic school children better than nutrition education or supplementation in isolated provision.Key words: Iron supplementation, nutritional education, hemoglobin, school children