Literature Review: Stunting Saat Balita sebagai Salah Satu Faktor Risiko Penyakit Tidak Menular di Masa Depan

Henny Kurniati; Ratna Djuwita; Maulidya Istiqfani

doi:10.7454/epidkes.v6i2.6349

Literature Review: Stunting Saat Balita sebagai Salah Satu Faktor Risiko Penyakit Tidak Menular di Masa Depan

Henny Kurniati, Ratna Djuwita, Maulidya Istiqfani

Abstract

Seseorang yang mengalami stunting saat balita cenderung memiliki tubuh yang lebih pendek dan memiliki risiko efek jangka panjang, yaitu menderita penyakit kronis yang berkaitan dengan gizi, rentan terhadap penumpukkan lemak tubuh, serta berisiko menderita diabetes melitus karena resistensi insulin dan beberapa penyakit tidak menular seperti hipertensi dan stroke. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menelaah secara ilmiah efek stunting yang terjadi pada seseorang saat balita terhadap penyakit tidak menular saat dewasa. Penelitian ini merupakan literature review dengan metode PICO (population, intervention, comparators and outcome). Database elektronik yang digunakan adalah Embase, Proquest dan lib.ui didapatkan sebanyak lima artikel dan satu tugas akhir (tesis) setelah melalui tahapan eksklusi berdasarkan kriteria yang telah ditetapkan. Usia anak yang dijadikan sampel dalam setiap studi berkisar dua sampai lima tahun. Hasil telaah ilmiah dari lima artikel dan satu tugas akhir yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi, menunjukkan bahwa seseorang yang mengalami stunting saat balita memiliki risiko kegemukan atau obesitas. Adanya fase catch up growth untuk mengejar ketertinggalan pertumbuhan dan resistensi insulin sehingga rentan terhadap penumpukkan lemak tubuh. Stunting yang dialami seseorang pada saat balita dapat menjadi salah satu faktor seseorang menderita penyakit kronis yang berkaitan dengan gizi dan penyakit tidak menular lainnya karena adanya peningkatan adipositas dan penumpukkan lemak tubuh. Perlu dilakukan telaah lebih mendalam pada penelitian selanjutnya terkait efek genetik dan perubahan hormon pada masa remaja karena pada masa ini seseorang mengalami fase pubertas dan dapat mempengaruhi risiko obesitas dan hipertensi di masa dewasa.

Keywords

Stunting, Balita, Faktor Risiko, Penyakit Tidak Menular, Sistematik Review

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7454/epidkes.v6i2.6349