Prevalensi dan Faktor-faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Simtom Depresi pada Penduduk di Indonesia (Analisis Data IFLS5 Tahun 2014-2015)

Tri Damayanti Simanjuntak; Adistha Eka Noveyani; Citra Anggun Kinanthi

doi:10.7454/epidkes.v6i2.6313

Prevalensi dan Faktor-faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Simtom Depresi pada Penduduk di Indonesia (Analisis Data IFLS5 Tahun 2014-2015)

Tri Damayanti Simanjuntak, Adistha Eka Noveyani, Citra Anggun Kinanthi

Abstract

Berdasarkan data WHO, secara global prevalensi jumlah orang yang hidup dengan depresi diperkirakan mengalami peningkatan sebesar 18,4% antara tahun 2005 dan 2015. Depresi merupakan fenomena yang kompleks, karena diduga beberapa simtom depresi memiliki faktor risiko yang berbeda. Beberapa penelitian sebelumnya tentang depresi fokus pada kelompok tertentu, misalnya lansia, pelajar, maupun ibu setelah melahirkan yang dilakukan pada cakupan wilayah yang cukup kecil. Penelitian ini bertujuan meneliti prevalensi dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan simtom depresi di Indonesia. Desain penelitian ini adalah cross-sectional dan menggunakan data sekunder, yaitu survei nasional Indonesia Family Life Survey ke-5 (IFLS5). Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah teknik stratified random sampling dimana ditemukan sebanyak 27.622 orang yang memenuhi kriterian inklusi dan eksklusi. Penelitian ini menunjukkan prevalensi simtom depresi pada populasi Indonesia pada tahun 2014 - 2015 adalah 23,14%. Dari analisis multivariat dengan cox regression ditemukan bahwa kelompok usia 18-25 (PR=1,64, 95% CI 1,52-1,77), perempuan (PR=1,39, 95% CI 1,29-1,49), berpisah/cerai (PR=1,31, 95% CI 1,20-1,42), merokok (PR=1,28, 95% CI 1,19-1,38), aktivitas berat (PR=1,61, 95% CI 1,52-1,71), hipertensi (PR=1,32, 95% CI 1,24 - 1,41), dan kanker (PR=1,31, 95% CI 1,53-1,63) berhubungan dengan simtom depresi. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa risiko depresi dapat diturunkan dengan mengendalikan faktor risiko, seperti untuk tidak merokok, aktivitas fisik disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan, cegah hipertensi, dan cegah kanker. Dimasa mendatang diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut terkait faktor sosial dengan depresi dengan desain studi yang lebih baik untuk menunjukkan hubungan kausalitas.

Keywords

Depresi, Prevalensi, Faktor Risiko, IFLS 5, Indonesia

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7454/epidkes.v6i2.6313