Hubungan Kadar Timbel dalam Darah dengan Kadar Hemoglobin dan Hematokrit pada Petugas Pintu Tol Jagorawi

Abstract

Penelitian tentang hubungan antara kadar timbel dalam darah dengan anemia yang tercermin dalam kadar hemoglobin dan hematokrit pada petugas pintu tol Jagorawi Jakarta. Landasan teori penelitian ini adalah hasil pemantauan kualitas udara Daerah Khusus Ibu Kota (DKI) Jakarta dimana kadar timbel di udara ambien melebihi Baku Mutu Lingkungan (BML) danadanya petunjuk literatur bahwa timbel memiliki pengaruh negatif terhadap sistem hemopoitik pada manusia. Seratus orang pekerja terpilih untuk penelitian ini. Sebanyak 12% dari pekerja yang merupakan subjek pada penelitian ini tergolong anemia berdasarkan kadar hemoglobin darah dan 10% anemia berdasarkan nilai hematokrit. Kadar timbel darah yang didapatkan pada penelitian ini adalah 20,1 ± 1,1μgr% dengan maksimum 22,9μgr%; dengan kadar hemoglobin sebesar 15,2 ± 1,5gr% minimum 9,9gr%; nilai hematokrit sebesar 45,2 ± 4,4%, minimum 30%. Seluruh subjek memiliki nilai Pb darah di atas 10 μgr% termasuk 16 wanita dalam usia subur. Secara umum tidak ditemukan asosiasi yang bermakna antara kadartimbel darah terhadap kadar hemoglobin dan hematokrit. Asosiasi yang tidak bermakna antara kadar timbel darah terhadap kadar dan abnormalitas hemoglobin dan hematokrit bersesuaian dengan hasil studi peneliti lainnya yang menyatakan bahwa hubungan bersifat tidak bermakna padakadar Pb darah di bawah 40 μgr%.Kata kunci: Timbel dalam darah, hemoglobin, hematokrit, baku mutu lingkunganAbstractA study on the association of lead in blood and haemoglobin and hematocrit value as a measure of anaemia among toll booth workers at Jagorawi Jakarta, has been conducted. The rational of the study is that high aerial lead content has been reported by the Jakarta environmental authority and health literature indicates that lead is toxic to human hemopoeitic system. The toll booth workers are exposed to air pollutants in their day to day work. One hundred workers, randomly selected, participated in the study. On the haemoglobin concentration, 12% of the study subjects were categorized as anaemia, while on hematocrit values 10% were considered as anaemia. Blood lead concentrations found in this study were 20,1 ± 1,1 (mean ± SD) μgr% and the maximum value was 22,9μgr%. The haemoglobin values were 15,2 ± 1,5gr% with a minimum of 9,9gr%, while the hematocrit values were 45,2 ± 4,4% with a minimum of 30%. All blood lead values were above 10μgr% including 16 women of child-bearing age. In general, no association was found between blood lead and haemoglobin and hematocrit values. This discovery is in line with other studies which found that there is no meaningful association between blood lead and anaemia when the blood lead concentrations were below 40 μgr%.Key words: Blood lead, haemoglobin, hematocrit, environmental qualitystandards