ASI Eksklusif dan Persepsi Ketidakcukupan ASI

Adila Prabasiwi, Sandra Fikawati, Ahmad Syafiq

Abstract


Persepsi ketidakcukupan air susu ibu (PKA) adalah keadaan ibu merasa ASI-nya tidak cukup untuk memenuhi kebutuhan bayinya. PKA merupakan salah satu penyebab utama kegagalan ASI eksklusif di dunia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor paling dominan berhubungan dengan PKA di Kecamatan Tegal Selatan dan Kecamatan Margadana, Kota Tegal tahun 2014. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian primer dengan desain studi potong lintang. Sampel berjumlah 88 ibu dari bayi berusia 0 - 6 bulan yang dipilih secara purposive sampling. Status gizi ibu dilihat dari kenaikan berat badan ibu sewaktu hamil apakah sesuai dengan rekomendasi dari Institute of Medicine. Asupan energi ibu saat laktasi diukur melalui wawancara dengan menggunakan semi-quantitative-Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ / Food Amount Questionnaire (FAQ)). Untuk variabel pengetahuan, digunakan kuesioner terstruktur. Uji analisis yang digunakan adalah uji kai kuadrat (bivariat) dan uji regresi logistik ganda (multivariat). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 51,1% ibu mengalami PKA. Variabel pengetahuan (nilai p = 0,001), asupan energi (nilai p = 0,019) dan Inisiasi Menyusu Dini (IMD) (nilai p = 0,048) berhubungan signifikan dengan PKA setelah dikontrol variabel status gizi, paritas, rawat gabung, perlekatan menyusui, dukungan keluarga, dan dukungan tenaga kesehatan. Faktor pengetahuan merupakan faktor yang paling dominan berhubungan dengan PKA.Exclusive Breastfeeding and Perception of Insufficient Milk SupplyPerception of insufficient milk supply (PIM) is the condition in which a mother feels that her breastmilk is insufficient to meet the needs of their babies. Such perception is one of main reasons of the exclusive breastfeeding failure in the world. This study aimed to find out the most dominant factors related to PIM in Tegal Selatan District and Margadana Sub-Districts at Tegal City in 2014. This study was a primary study with a cross sectional design. A total sample of 88 mothers of 0 - 6 months old babies selected in by purposive sampling. Mother’s nutritional status was seen from the increasing of mother’s weight gain during the pregnancy was it met the standards from Institute of Medicine. The mother’s energy intake during lactation was measured through interview using semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ / Food Amount Questionnaire (FAQ)) form. Knowledge variable used structured questionnaire. Analysis used are chi square test (bivariate) and multiple regression logistic (multivariate). The result showed that 51.1% mothers experienced PIM. Variables knowledge (p value = 0.001), energy intake (p value = 0.019), and early initiation of breastfeeding (p value = 0.048) were significantly related to perception after controlled by nutritional status, parity, rooming-in, latch on, family support, and health practitioners support variable. Knowledge is the most dominant factor related to the PIM.

Keywords


ASI eksklusif, asupan energi, persepsi ketidakcukupan ASI, status gizi; Exclusive breastfeeding, energy intake, nutritional status, perception of insufficient milk supply

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21109/kesmas.v9i3.691

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