Penggunaan mHealth Mampu Memperbaiki Perilaku Kesehatan Pasien Penyakit Tidak Menular

Nur Ighwana Sari, Besral Besral

Abstract

Penggunaan internet dan aplikasi kesehatan seluler semakin meningkat. Banyak aplikasi kesehatan seluler sekarang menargetkan penderita penyakit kronis dan penyakit tidak menular sebagai sarana yang efektif untuk perubahan perilaku. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan mHealth terhadap perubahan perilaku kesehatan pada penderita penyakit kronis dan penyakit tidak menular. Metode telaah sistematis terhadap jurnal yang terbit dalam 10 tahun terakhir di database IEEE Explorer, Elsevier, dan ScienceDirect, dengan kriteri disain eksperimen randomise control design (RCT). Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa dari 4 jurnal yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi, 3 jurnal menyimpulkan bahwa penggunaan mHealth yang mengimplementasikan teori perubahan perilaku kesehatan, secara signifikan mempengaruhi perubahan positif perilaku kesehatan pada penderita penyakit tidak menular, sedangkan 1 jurnal menyatakan bahwa mhealth tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap perubahan perilaku kesehatan penderita HIV. Kesimpulannya adalah penggunaan mHealth secara konsisten dan dalam jangka panjang (minimal dalam 1 tahun), serta pesan teks yang dipersonalisasikan dapat mengubah perilaku kesehatan individu penderita penyakit tidak menular secara signifikan. Disarankan penelitian mHealth yang berdasarkan teori perubahan perilaku kesehatan dapat menjadi pendekatan yang baik untuk intervensi perilaku dan dapat diterapkan pada promosi kesehatan masyarakat. Agar intervensi mHealth berhasil, perlu mempertimbangkan teori perilaku yang sesuai dan metode penyampaian informasi yang relevan dengan kondisi pasien dan jenis penyakitnya.

Keywords

mHealth, behavior changes, health behavior, non-communicable diseases

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